Biography abbe emmanuel sieyes
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Sieyès, Emmanuel-Joseph
SIEYÈS, EMMANUEL-JOSEPH (1748–1836), French revolutionary politician and writer.
The Abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès is synonymous with the French Revolution. He advocated voting reform in the Estates-General, publishing his famous pamphlet, What Is the Third Estate?, in January 1789. Elected to the Third Estate, Sieyès made the transition from writer to politician, serving in the National Assembly and later in the Convention before entering the executive branch as a director in 1799. Unhappy with the constitution and the direction of the revolution, he plotted with a number of former and current politicians, including General Napoleon Bonaparte (later Napoleon I, r. 1804–1814/15) to overthrow the Directory. Sieyès's active role in French politics came to an end shortly after the coup of 18 Brumaire 1799. Sieyès was ultimately more influential as a writer and political commentator than as a politician, and although he was well respected by his contemporari
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Sieyès, "What Is the Third Estate?" (1789)
What is necessary that a nation should subsist and prosper? Individual effort and public functions.
All individual efforts may be included in four classes: (1) Since the earth and the waters furnish crude products for the needs of man, the first class, in logical sequence, will be that of all families which devote themselves to agricultural labor. (2) Between the first sale of products and their consumption or use, a new manipulation, more of less repeated, adds to these products a second value more or less composite. In this manner human industry succeeds in perfecting the gifts of nature, and the crude product increases twofold, tenfold, one hundred-fold in value. Such are the efforts of the second class. (3) Between production and consumption, as well as between the various stages of production, a group of intermediary agents establish themselves, useful both to producers and consumers; these are the merchants and brokers: the bro
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Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
French Roman Catholic abbé and political writer (1748–1836)
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 1748 – 20 June 1836), usually known as the Abbé Sieyès (French:[sjejɛs]), was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman, and political writer who was a leading political theorist of the French Revolution (1789–1799); he also held offices in the governments of the French Consulate (1799–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). His pamphlet What Is the Third Estate? (1789) became the political manifesto of the Revolution, which facilitated transforming the Estates-General into the National Assembly, in June 1789. He was offered and refused an office in the French Directory (1795–1799). After becoming a director in 1799, Sieyès was among the instigators of the Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 November), which installed Napoleon Bonaparte in power.
In addition to his political and clerical life, Sieyès coined the term "sociologie", and contrib